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1952: Among the cultural landmarks of the year are the film High Noon and the book The Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison.ĭuring the 1930s, fierce battles raged between employers and workers who were trying to unionize.

1947: Establishment of the Marshall Plan assists European nations in recovering from the war.

To the east, the Japanese "Co-Prosperity Sphere" encompasses territories from China to Burma to the East Indies, stretching deep into the western Pacific. The Nazis control a vast region from Normandy to the suburbs of Stalingrad, and from the Arctic Circle to the edges of the Sahara.

1942: Axis conquests reach their height in the middle of this year.

Thanks to artists and intellectuals such as Picasso and Ernest Hemingway, the Loyalists are winning the battle of hearts and minds, even if they are weaker militarily, and idealistic young men flock from America to join the " Abraham Lincoln Brigade." Yet as George Orwell later reveals in Homage to Catalonia, the lines between good and evil are not clear: with its Soviet backing, the Loyalist cause serves as proxy for a totalitarianism every bit as frightening as that of the Nationalists and their German and Italian supporters.

1937: Pablo Picasso paints his famous Guernica mural dramatizing the Nationalist bombing of a town in Spain.

1937: Crash of the Hindenburg in Lakehurst, New Jersey, kills 36 and ends the brief era when rigid airships promised to be the ocean liners of the skies.

1937: In the middle of an around-the-world flight, Amelia Earhart and her plane disappear somewhere in the Pacific.

These party purges, however, are only a small part of the death toll now being exacted in a country undergoing forced industrialization, much of it by means of slave labor.

1937: Stalin uses carefully staged show trials in Moscow to eliminate all rivals for leadership.

1937: Japan attacks China and annexes most of that nation's coastal areas.

Like the two others before it, Italy now withdraws from the League of Nations.

1937: Italy signs the Anti-Comintern Pact, signed by Germany and Japan the preceding year.On a "bloody Sunday" in July, communists in Hamburg attack Nazis with guns, and a fierce battle ensues. 1932: In German elections, Nazis gain a 37 percent plurality of Reichstag seats, raising tensions between the far right and the far left.Farnsworth demonstrates a working model of the television, and Belgian astronomer Georges Lemaître proposes the Big Bang Theory. Eliot's poem The Waste Land-works that will transform literature and inaugurate the era of modernism. 1922: Publication of James Joyce's novel Ulysses and T.The widely publicized accounts and images of the event also served to turn public opinion in favor of the union and made public Ford's brutal reign of fear. The incident remains among the most enduring events in the United States' labor movement. The Battle of the Overpass, as this bloody skirmish became known, precipitated the UAW's focused efforts to organize the River Rouge plant. The UAW's attempt to organize Ford employees involved in a bloody confrontation with Ford Motor Company henchmen occurred in May 1937. It was commonly referred to as either the "Sweat Shop" or "Butcher House" by employees. Ford's biggest property was the River Rouge facility in Dearborn, Michigan, which housed some 85,000 to 100,000 workers.

As a result, employees were being paid about 5 cents less per hour than other industry workers and 10 cents less than Chrysler or General Motors (GM) workers who were represented by the United Auto Workers (UAW). He went as far as to establish a faux union called the Knights of Dearborn, which was both antiunion and anti-Semitic.įord Motor Company was the only one of the so-called Big Three automakers that was not yet unionized by the late 1930s. As unions continued trying to get a toehold in the plant, Ford fought back increasingly harder. The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) had attempted to unionize Ford workers Ford upped wages to $5 a day to appease them. Henry Ford, the noted automaker and founder of Ford Motor Company, remained adamant in his antiunion opinion from the first unionizing attempts at his company in 1913.